Abstract: The Upper Minjiang River Basin is the core area for the distribution of Qiang villages. This study takes 216 Qiang traditional villages in this region as research objects, employing GIS and OPGD to analyze their distribution pattern and influencing factors. The results show that: the villages present a linear and polycentric clustering pattern along rivers; the water system is the primary driving force, while transportation, climate, and cultural factors also have significant impacts; the dominant factors in three dense areas show regional differences; overall, the distribution pattern reflects a complex human-environment interaction, formed on natural foundation, shaped by historical culture, and adapted through social processes.