Abstract: The study deeply analyzes the interactive relationship between township population scale and spatial organization, constructs the evaluation framework of scale and spatial organization efficiency, evaluates the fit of scale and spatial organization and its contribution to the overall performance, and selects two counties with different functional types in the same region as the research object. This paper deeply discusses the commonness and characteristics of industrial leading towns and agricultural leading towns in the characteristics of scale and spatial organization efficiency. At last, the paper puts forward some strategies to optimize the scale structure of towns and villages in the two counties, including controlling the total amount reasonably, determining the scale grade system scientifically, perfecting the allocation of facilities, optimizing the spatial structure, fully coordinating the contradiction between protection and development and so on, hoping to provide a research basis for guiding the order of space resources allocation .