Research on Spatial Layout Optimization of Rural Residential Areas in Qinling Mountains: Taking Shangluo City as an Example
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摘要: 随着国家生态文明建设深入推进,城乡规划的价值导向由促进城乡经济发展转为追求人与自然的和谐发展,使得处于城市建成区外围的广大农村地区的生态价值日益凸显。本文围绕秦岭生态保护问题和山区农村发展问题,以陕西省商洛市为例,采用核密度法、农村居民点建设适宜性评价和生态敏感性评价研究商洛市农村居民点分布特征,并对农村居民点布局进行优化。在传统建设适宜性评价模型中增加了耕地规模、学校、医疗点和农村居民点规模四个维度参数,以提高适宜性分析模型的准确性。在居民点优化中增加城市开发边界、永久基本保护农田、生态敏感性、建设适宜性四个因素的考量。研究表明: (1)商洛市农村居民点分布具有典型山地居民点分布特征,受地形因子影响明显。在地形变化大的地方,居民点分布较破碎,地形变化小的地方,居民点面积大,呈现片状、带状分布。(2)商洛市农村居民点整体布局不利于农村居民的生产和生活,人与生态环境的关系比较紧张,生态环境压力较大,需要对农村居民点进行优化。(3)经优化后商洛市就地城镇化类、重点发展类、控制发展类和迁移合并类农村居民点面积分别为22.66km2、162.01km2、63.29km2、43.80km2。Abstract: With the construction of national ecological civilization, the value orientation of urban and rural planning has changed from promoting urban and rural economic development to the pursuit of harmonious development between man and nature, which makes the ecological value of the vast rural areas outside the urban built-up areas increasingly prominent. Focusing on the problems of ecological protection and rural development in Qinling Mountains, taking Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province as an example, this paper studies the distribution characteristics and optimization of rural settlements in Shangluo City by using the kernel density method, suitability evaluation and ecological sensitivity evaluation of rural settlements. In order to improve the accuracy of the suitability analysis model, four dimension parameters of cultivated land scale, school scale, medical point scale and rural residential area scale were added to the traditional construction suitability evaluation model. In the process of optimization, four factors should be considered:increasing the boundary of urban development, permanent basic protection of farmland, ecological sensitivity and construction suitability. The results show that:(1) the distribution of rural settlements in Shangluo City has the characteristics of typical mountain settlements, and the distribution trend is consistent with the change of terrain, which is obviously affected by the terrain factors. In the places with large terrain change, the distribution of rural settlements is broken, and in the places with small terrain change, the area of residential areas is large, showing flake and banded distribution. (2) The overall layout of rural settlements in Shangluo City is not conducive to the production and life of rural residents. The relationship between people and ecological environment in Shangluo City is tense and the ecological environment is under great pressure, so it is necessary to optimize the rural settlements in Shangluo City. (3) After optimization, the areas of local urbanization, key development, controlled development and consolidation rural settlements in Shangluo City are 22.66km2, 162.01km2, 63.29km2 and 43.80km2 respectively.
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