Analysis on the Spatial Pattern of Traditional Settlements in Turpan Yar Village
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摘要: 传统聚落是体现民族地域特色的重要文化景观和历史记忆的载体,聚落空间是居民进行日常交流活动的主要场所。为使传统聚落能更好地适应自然环境和现代化城镇化发展,需要对其空间结构不断地进行探索和优化。本文以新疆吐鲁番市高昌区亚尔镇亚尔村为研究对象,研究其传统聚落的形态特征与空间体系,进而为传统聚落空间环境的可持续发展奠定基础。结果表明:(1)亚尔村整体是以居住建筑为中心,向外分布有居住住宅、耕作用地、防护林带,呈现沿水系辐射状分布的水平空间形态;(2)亚尔村的垂直形态整体为西北高东南低,晾房用地、林地、居住用地及农业用地依次顺延布局;(3)亚尔村道路分级明确,向四周沿水系延伸,道路利用率高;(4)亚尔村建筑空间形态可划分为四类:并列式、套件式、穿堂式及混合模式;建筑结构多样,以半地下室为最具特色的空间结构;根据建筑材质的不同,分为全生土和半生土建筑,二者相辅相成。Abstract: Traditional settlement is an important cultural landscape and carrier of historical memory, and settlement space is the main place for residents to carry out daily communication activities. In order to make the traditional settlements better adapt to the natural environment and the development of modern urbanization, it is necessary to constantly explore and optimize its spatial structure. In this paper, Turpan Yar Village is selected as the research object to study the morphological characteristics and spatial system of its traditional settlements, so as to lay a foundation for the sustainable development of the spatial environment of traditional settlements. The results show as following. Firstly, the whole Yar Village is centered on residential buildings, with residential houses, farming land and shelterbelt distributed outwards, presenting a horizontal spatial pattern of radial distribution along the river system. Secondly, the vertical form of Yar Village is generally high in the northwest and low in the southeast, followed by the layout of cold house land, forest land, residential land and agricultural land. Thirdly, Yar Village road classification is clear, extending to the surrounding along the river system, high road utilization rate. Fourthly, the architectural space form of Yar Village can be divided into four categories:parallel, suite, hall and mixed mode. The building structure is diverse, with the semi-basement as the most characteristic space structure. According to the different materials of the building, it can be divided into total soil and semi-soil, which complement each other.
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Key words:
- traditional settlement /
- spatial pattern /
- sustainable development /
- Yar Village
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