Abstract: With the rapid advancement of urbanization, how to inherit and carry forward the ecological wisdom of traditional settlements has become a key issue to be solved urgently. Based on the theory of modern ecological adaptability and the field investigation of Mazha Village in Turpan, this study combs and analyzes the ecological adaptability characteristics of the location layout, street space, and residential courtyard of the traditional settlement from the perspective of the integration and symbiosis between human and nature, and summarizes the ecological adaptability wisdom, construction and spatial morphological characteristics of Mazha Village. The result shows that the ecological adaptability of Mazha Village is the result of continuous adjustment and adaptation under the influence of natural geographical factors. It is hoped to provide experience for how to retain and inherit ecological wisdom of traditional settlements in arid areas during the modern translation process.