Abstract: This study selected the traditional villages of Wenchang in Hainan Province as the research object, utilizing ArcGIS 10.8 spatial analysis methods to investigate the spatial distribution pattern and discuss the factors that affect the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Wenchang. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Wenchang is clustered, predominantly in the central and southern regions, forming two high-density zones centered on Shagang Village and Meide Village, as well as two sub-density zones centered on Peilong Village and Qiling Village. The primary factors influencing the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Wenchang are the natural environment, social demographics, historical and cultural factors, and road traffic conditions: influenced by the natural environment, Wenchang's traditional villages are situated in low-altitude plains and terraces, adjacent to water bodies; influenced by social demographic factors, traditional villages are characterized by their small scale and clustering; due to historical and cultural influences, most traditional villages are located in areas with a long history and frequent trade, and are closely related to the regional traffic conditions. For the protection and utilization of traditional villages in Wenchang, it is necessary to establish a cluster protection system, promote integrated urban-rural development through regional coordination, and enhance the vitality of traditional villages through deep integration of cultural tourism.