Abstract: Understanding the spatial distribution and determinants of farmland abandonment is an important prerequisite for improving farmland utilization efficiency and ensuring national food security. Based on the third national land survey, village-level questionnaire and other multiple data, this paper uses Xintai City as a case to analyze the spatial distribution and influencing factors of farmland abandonment from the perspective of urban-rural relationship. This study finds that the rate of abandoned farmland in urban areas is much greater than that of towns and villages, and the closer the distance from the urban area, the higher the degree of farmland being discarded; the regression model proves that the higher the accessibility of markets and roads, the greater probability of farmland being abandoned, but this conclusion is only valid for high-level markets and roads. This finding shows that the production function of farmland is significantly affected by urbanization. The non-agricultural job market in urban areas and the opportunity cost of surrounding farmland are the main reasons for the abandonment. Based on the results, to increase the utilization rate of farmland, this article proposes to promote the development of urban agriculture, rationally formulate and announce the urban development boundaries, encourage the circulation of farmland.