Abstract: Based on the data of the sixth and seventh census, taking township streets as the spatial unit, this paper analyzes the spatial evolution characteristics of population aging in Yanbian Prefecture by using various methods such as radius of gyration, standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation analysis and cold and hot spot analysis, and it discusses its influencing factors. The results show that:(1) From 2010 to 2020, Yanbian Prefecture has changed from a single circle structure with the central urban area of Yanji as the core to a new circle structure model with Dunhua, Yanji and Hunchun as the core, and the process of population aging has accelerated over time. On the whole, it has developed from a mild aging era to a deep and extreme aging era. (2) The standard deviation ellipse of population aging in Yanbian Prefecture generally presents a distribution pattern of 'East (South)-West (North)'. Compared with 2010, this distribution pattern trend will be weakened in 2020. (3) There is a significant spatial positive autocorrelation in the population aging of villages, towns and streets in Yanbian Prefecture. With the passage of time, the development of population aging shows a spatial tendency to gather in the three central urban areas of Dunhua, Yanji and Hunchun, and gradually presents a situation of 'huge scale of elderly population-low degree of aging'. (4) Economic factors, social factors, population development factors and traffic factors are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of population aging in Yanbian Prefecture.