Abstract: Southern Xinjiang is a typical arid region in China. It is of inestimable value to study the environmental adaptability and ecological wisdom of oasis settlements in this region for the social and economic development and stability of Xinjiang. In this paper, the environmental adaptability and ecological wisdom of oasis settlements in southern Xinjiang were investigated, sorted out and analyzed. In addition to this, the layout pattern of traditional settlements and the construction technology of settlement space were listed, and the ecological adaptability wisdom, construction characteristics and spatial morphology characteristics of oasis settlements in arid area were summarized. In order to adapt to the natural ecological environment and the needs of the times, the necessary climate adaptability design strategies such as wind and sand prevention, and cooling and shade are put forward in the construction of oasis settlements in arid areas, which can provide some inspiration and guidance for the construction of modern towns in arid areas.