Abstract: To meet the needs of urban expansion, the ecological environment of villages and towns in the suburbs of cities will be under dual pressures from their development and urban expansion. This study takes the Tongshan District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province as an example. It mainly studies the changes in land use and ecological quality of suburban villages and towns under the background of urbanization. The Markov model was used to analyze the land use changes of various villages and towns in the district in 1984, 2000 and 2020, and then the ecological quality evaluation model caused by land use changes was established. It reflects the spatial differences in the ecological quality of various villages and towns through classification. The results show that urbanization has a significant impact on the ecological quality of villages and towns in the suburbs of cities. Urban expansion and the rapid development of villages and towns will lead to the deterioration of the ecological quality. As for the villages and towns with a certain ecological resource foundation, with the investment of scientific planning and ecological restoration, their ecological quality will be improved, and they will become favorable ecological resources for urban development. During the study period, the average value of ecological quality indicators in the suburban villages and towns of Xuzhou City first decreased and then increased, which was consistent with the early development process and recent transformation strategy of Xuzhou City. The research results have a certain reference value for the management and control of the ecological quality of suburban villages and towns in eastern my country under the background of urbanization.