Abstract: Based on the background of rural revitalization and urban-rural integration, this paper discusses the problems about dynamic effect of rural population and construction land growth, which is caused by the return migration and citizens coming to the countryside. Based on the data of population and land use collected in Shuiling town, the study applies grey-econometrics theory and SD theory to build the system dynamics model of rural population and construction land, then the dynamic development mechanism of rural population and construction land is stated by discussing the mutual dynamic influence relationship between rural population and construction land. The results show that:(1) As the increase of migration rate, the population will increase when other conditions remain unchanged. While the construction land will decrease year by year when the migration rate of sample town varies between 0.425% and 0.77%. However, when the immigration rate is above 0.77%, the construction land will increase year by year. (2) The population of villages and towns interact with the demand for construction land. The increase of rural population will promote the demand for construction land increases accordingly, while construction land will not reduce the population of villages and towns by affecting the eviction rate. (3) A certain number of rural populations are in favor of the sustainable development of villages and towns in China. At last, based on the research results, this paper puts forward the policy measures which promote the development of rural construction.