Abstract: Due to the mismatch between the top-down planning and allocation logic of traditional spatial resources and the actual demands, the phenomenon of high growth and low efficiency of construction land is widespread, which seriously restricts the high-quality development of new urbanization in China. From the point of view of the low efficiency of urban spatial resources utilization at present, it is precisely because of the mismatch between the ‘supply side’ of urban planning and design and implementation results and the ‘demand side’ of the public. This paper takes Sunit Right Banner of Xilinguole League in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an empirical object, through the research and analysis of the characteristics of ‘human’ behavior activities under the regional natural environment, social consciousness and cultural value, it puts forward the design theory of adaptability from the perspective of spatial supply and demand, and explores the design method of optimizing the supply side and demand side matching of urban spatial resources. Starting from the top-down ‘social, economic and characteristic charm display of small towns’ and the bottom-up ‘people's life, communication and cognitive acquisition’ two-way needs, it is aimed to solve the problems of ‘insufficient supply’ and ‘oversupply’ in the allocation of urban spatial resources, to improve the quality of urbanization development, and to explore targeted spatial design methods of small towns, hoping to provide reference for the urbanization development of small towns in other regions.